Primary cells can undergo a pre-determined and finite number of cell divisions in culture. With more passage in cell culture, primary cells enter a replicative senescence state, where morphology, gene expression, and metabolism alter. Therefore, scientists immortalize primary cells in vitro to study cell growth, differentiation, and senescence using continuous cell lines. Immortal cell lines made from primary...
Biomedical and clinical research would be inconceivable without progress in cell culture. This tool has become inevitably crucial in life sciences and has evolved much since the early 20th century, with its application in primary cell culture, 3D culture, tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting, and regenerative therapies. As a cell culture researcher, you must have enough...
In the field of biomedical research, 2D cell cultures have extensively been used since the early 1900s but in recent times, the technology of 3D cell culture has boomed. The tussle of 2D vs 3D cell culture has received much interest from biomedical researchers and other science geeks. In this article, let us explore more...
In biomedical research and development, scientists mostly use cultured cell lines as models because they offer easy, inexpensive, and stable platforms. However, cell lines fail to grasp the microenvironment physiology that occurs in vivo. Human primary cells come to the rescue in this situation! Primary cell culture portrays the complex physiological cell behavior and therefore...
The growth of normal human mammary epithelial cells, including luminal, myoepithelial, and/or basal cells, is tightly controlled. Mammary epithelial cells grow for a finite span and eventually die or undergo senesce. Human, rat, and murine mammary epithelial cell have provided evidence that essential initial steps in mammary carcinoma cell line growth involve the loss of...
The human umbilical cord tissue was regarded as medical waste until 1991 when fibroblast-like cells were isolated from the human umbilical cord tissue. Further characterization of these cells revealed that they express adhesion molecules (CD44, CD105), integrin markers (CD29, CD51), and mesenchymal stem cell markers like SH2 or SH3. Pluripotency markers like Oct-4, SSEA-1, and...
This article reviews the status of PARP inhibitors for prostate cancer treatment and focuses on recent developments in drug approvals. How PARP Inhibitors help in Prostate Cancer Treatment? Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, often driven by specific genomic alterations. The defects in DNA repair/DNA-damage response pathways are critical to the risky malignant transformation of...
History of Animal Cell Culture Media In 1882, Sydney Ringer developed Ringer’s solution, a balanced salt solution with composition close to that of bodily fluids, to keep beating frog hearts after dissection. This is considered as the first witnessing of in vitro animal tissue cultivation. In the wake of Ringer’s report of the animal Cell...
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) are a heterogeneous population of primary cells that are derived from the adult bone marrow. These mononuclear cells include lymphocytes, monocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, and hematopoietic progenitor cells. The bone marrow mononuclear cells also include a population of mesenchymal stromal cells and these cells are isolated from human adult bone...
The task of choosing cell culture media for use with your primary cells is surely daunting. Therefore, if you are thinking of replicating a formulation of media from any previously published report or if you are optimizing your nutrient or classical media, it is important to understand the consequences of this media choice for your...
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