ADME is the abbreviation for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion. These ADME studies are designed to investigate the metabolism and processing of a chemical compound by a living organism. When toxicology tests are a part of this process, the acronym becomes ADMET with the last T for ‘Toxicology’. Primary cells are directly isolated from human...
Primary cells mimic the tissue of origin as they are directly isolated from the tissue and processed for culturing under optimized media conditions. Therefore, primary cell culture provides excellent model systems for studying normal cell physiology and biochemistry. There are a lot of articles on primary cells vs cell lines to understand which one of them...
Cell culture is a prominent tool in cellular and molecular biology research, often spreading to clinical applications. Cell culture using primary cells can be excellent model systems for studying physiology and biochemistry of cells, drug toxicity and metabolism, and other biomedical applications. Primary cell culture is being used by researchers worldwide for their role in...
Primary cells can undergo a pre-determined and finite number of cell divisions in culture. With more passage in cell culture, primary cells enter a replicative senescence state, where morphology, gene expression, and metabolism alter. Therefore, scientists immortalize primary cells in vitro to study cell growth, differentiation, and senescence using continuous cell lines. Immortal cell lines made from primary...
In the field of biomedical research, 2D cell cultures have extensively been used since the early 1900s but in recent times, the technology of 3D cell culture has boomed. The tussle of 2D vs 3D cell culture has received much interest from biomedical researchers and other science geeks. In this article, let us explore more...
In biomedical research and development, scientists mostly use cultured cell lines as models because they offer easy, inexpensive, and stable platforms. However, cell lines fail to grasp the microenvironment physiology that occurs in vivo. Human primary cells come to the rescue in this situation! Primary cell culture portrays the complex physiological cell behavior and therefore...
The human umbilical cord tissue was regarded as medical waste until 1991 when fibroblast-like cells were isolated from the human umbilical cord tissue. Further characterization of these cells revealed that they express adhesion molecules (CD44, CD105), integrin markers (CD29, CD51), and mesenchymal stem cell markers like SH2 or SH3. Pluripotency markers like Oct-4, SSEA-1, and...
The task of choosing cell culture media for use with your primary cells is surely daunting. Therefore, if you are thinking of replicating a formulation of media from any previously published report or if you are optimizing your nutrient or classical media, it is important to understand the consequences of this media choice for your...
If you are a cell culture researcher working with primary cell culture, the most difficult thing to accept is watching your cell dishes and flasks getting contaminated or not proliferating even with appropriate incubation at the correct media pH and temperature conditions. Watching those adherent cells not attached to the flask surface and knowing that...
At the time of procuring new primary cells to start cell culture for research purposes, the decision of procuring fresh cells or frozen primary cells (cryopreserved cells) may not be a simple task. There are many factors that goes on to influence the decision, based oncell maintenance, cell type, cell functionality, and logistics. To help...
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